“True threats of violence” that are directed at a person or group of persons that have the intent of placing the target at risk of bodily harm or death are generally unprotected.[41] However, there are several exceptions. For example, the Supreme Court has held that “threats may not be punished if a reasonable person would understand them as obvious hyperbole”, he writes.[42][43] Additionally, threats of “social ostracism” and of “politically motivated boycotts” are constitutionally protected.[44]
有意思 “a reasonable person would understand them as obvious hyperbole” 这一点感觉非常模糊啊 有很大的左右摇摆的余地。比如主楼引用的那个康奈尔的哥们 他发的那些话可否算作 obvious hyperbole?
Categories of speech that are given lesser or no protection by the First Amendment (and therefore may be restricted) include obscenity, fraud, child pornography, speech integral to illegal conduct, speech that incites imminent lawless action, speech that violates intellectual property law, true threats, false statements of fact, and commercial speech such as advertising. Defamation that causes harm to reputation is a tort and also a category which is not protected as free speech.