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Cal Fire’s new fire risk maps mean big changes for California homeowners
加州消防局的新火灾风险地图意味着加州房主的重大变化
California fire officials released long-awaited maps on Monday showing fire risk in cities across the Bay Area and along the northern coast of California.
加州消防官员于周一发布了备受期待的地图，展示了湾区及加利福尼亚北部海岸的火灾风险。
The maps, which are still in draft form, will have major implications: They will guide where stricter fire-resistant building and landscape rules apply, and are an update to fire risk maps issued more than a decade ago. For example, the state’s pending ban of plants and other combustible materials within five feet of homes will apply to properties categorized on the new maps (i.e., in local responsibility areas) as having “very high fire severity hazard.” That includes parts of Bay Area cities like Berkeley, Oakland, Tiburon, Mill Valley, Santa Rosa, San Bruno, San Jose and Palo Alto.
这些地图（目前仍处于草案形式）将产生重大影响：它们将指导更严格的防火建筑和景观规则适用于哪些地区，并且是对十多年前发布的火灾风险地图的更新。例如，该州对住宅五英尺范围内禁止种植植物和其他易燃材料的待执行禁令将适用于新地图上被分类为“非常高的火灾严重危害”的财产（即，在地方责任区域内）。这包括旧金山湾区的一些城市，如伯克利、奥克兰、蒂伯龙、米勒维尔、圣罗莎、圣布鲁诺、圣何塞和帕洛阿尔托。
Property owners in areas with some degree of fire risk must also follow stricter codes when building or renovating homes by using materials more resistant to flames and embers, such as vents with fine mesh and hardier roofing materials. Property owners in “very high” fire danger areas face the strictest codes, and those in “high” risk areas also must meet certain building standards. Cal Fire provides guidelines for building in fire-prone areas and a basic outline of the various codes.
业主在具有一定火灾风险的区域建造或翻新房屋时，必须遵守更严格的规范，使用更耐火焰和火星的材料，例如细网状通风口和更坚固的屋顶材料。在“非常高的”火灾危险区域的业主面临最严格的规范，而在“高”风险区域的业主也必须满足一定的建筑标准。Cal Fire 提供了在易燃区域建造的指南以及各种规范的简要概述。
“We as Californians have to shift our minds as to how we landscape and how we design our homes,” state Fire Marshal Daniel Berlant told the Chronicle.
“作为加利福尼亚人，我们必须转变我们的思维方式，关于如何规划和设计我们的家园，”州消防局长丹尼尔·贝尔兰特对《纪事报》说。
In San Francisco County, 561 acres were classified as having some degree of fire risk in the new maps, and that included areas of Angel Island and south of Fort Funston. The older maps showed no fire hazard in the county.
在旧金山县，新地图将 561 英亩地区划分为不同程度的风险，包括天使岛和富顿堡以南地区。旧地图显示该县没有火灾风险。
The maps are not expected to change how insurance companies weigh fire risk and make policy decisions, according to the California Department of Insurance. The department published a Q&A about the maps that said insurance companies are required to provide “discounts for wildfire safety actions such as community mitigation and home-hardening, which Cal Fire’s maps do not assess.”
根据加利福尼亚州保险部门，这些地图预计不会改变保险公司评估火灾风险和制定政策决策的方式。该部门发布了一份关于这些地图的问答，其中提到保险公司必须提供“针对社区缓解和房屋加固等野火安全措施的折扣，这些措施是 Cal Fire 的地图未评估的。”
“Insurance companies are already using risk analysis tools and models that go beyond Cal Fire’s proposed maps in determining what properties they will underwrite,” the department said.
保险公司已经在使用超出加州消防局提议的地图的风险分析工具和模型，以确定他们将承保哪些财产，该部门表示。
The maps released Monday only cover cities and towns protected by local fire departments, which Cal Fire calls “local responsibility areas,” for 17 counties from the Bay Area and north to the Oregon border. It’s the second batch of maps released by Cal Fire this year, and will be followed March 10 by another group covering a large swath of central California (including Sacramento) then a final group of maps covering Southern California will be published March 24.
周一发布的地图仅覆盖由当地消防部门保护的城镇，这些地区被 Cal Fire 称为“地方责任区”，包括从湾区北部到俄勒冈州边界的 17 个县。这是 Cal Fire 今年发布的第二批地图，3 月 10 日将接着发布另一批覆盖加利福尼亚州中部大片地区（包括萨克拉门托）的地图，然后 3 月 24 日将发布覆盖南加利福尼亚州的最后一批地图。
The biggest change in the Bay Area occurred in Sonoma County, where Cal Fire now considers nearly 7,600 acres to fall within the state’s very high fire severity zone – compared to just 11 acres about 15 years ago. Since then, major wildfires including the 2017 Tubbs Fire have burned thousands of homes in the county.
湾区最大的变化发生在索诺马县，加州消防局现在认为近 7600 英亩土地属于该州极高的火灾严重性区域——而 15 年前仅有约 11 英亩。自那时起，包括 2017 年的塔布斯大火在内的重大野火在该县烧毁了数千座房屋。
Berlant said that the state’s modeling programs have improved dramatically and today’s maps are considered far more accurate.
贝兰特表示，该州建模项目已大幅改进，今天的地图被认为更加精确。
Other places had the number of “very high” fire hazard acres reduced. For example, in Oakland, the amount of land considered to be a “very high” fire hazard zone dropped from 10,838 acres in 2007-2011 to 1,945 acres in Monday’s maps. Some of those acres were reclassified as “high fire severity hazard” (2,498 acres) and “moderate” (2,553 acres).
其他地区的“非常高的”火灾风险面积有所减少。例如，在奥克兰，被认为是“非常高的”火灾风险区域的土地面积从 2007-2011 年的 10,838 英亩降至周一地图上的 1,945 英亩。其中一些面积被重新分类为“高火灾严重性风险”（2,498 英亩）和“中等”（2,553 英亩）。
Local jurisdictions have 120 days to study the maps and request adjustments to ensure the maps align with local boundaries like roads and property lines. They can add areas to the maps but cannot remove any areas, according to Berlant.
地方当局有 120 天时间研究这些地图并请求调整，以确保地图与当地边界（如道路和地界线）相一致。根据贝兰特的说法，他们可以向地图中添加区域，但不能删除任何区域。
Berlant said Cal Fire will take input from local jurisdictions and finalize the maps later this year.
贝兰特表示，加州消防局将从地方当局获取意见，并在今年晚些时候完成地图的编制。
The maps do not take account of homeowners’ mitigation efforts.
地图并未考虑房主的减灾努力。
Last year, Cal Fire published new fire hazard maps for the areas of the state it protects, which includes most but not all of non-incorporated California, dubbed “state responsibility areas.” All homes in these areas must adhere to the state’s strictest fire-safe standards for buildings and landscapes, including the state’s upcoming “zone zero” landscape rules that will require homeowners to keep five feet around their homes clear of most plants and other flammable materials like bark mulch.
去年，加州消防局发布了针对其保护区域的新火灾风险地图，这些区域包括加利福尼亚州大部分非市镇地区，被称为“州责任区”。这些区域内的所有住宅都必须遵守州最严格的建筑和景观防火标准，包括即将实施的“零区”景观规则，该规则要求业主在房屋周围五英尺内保持大部分植物和其他易燃材料，如树皮覆盖物等清除。
Cal Fire developed the new draft maps using scientific models that evaluated factors like terrain and vegetation. These new models found the risk of fire had grown in cities and towns, and expanded by 1.4 million acres the California areas designated as either “high” or “very high” fire hazard.
加州消防局利用评估地形和植被等因素的科学研究模型开发了新的草案地图。这些新模型发现城市和镇区的火灾风险有所增加，并将加利福尼亚州被指定为“高”或“非常高”火灾风险的地区面积扩大了 140 万英亩。
